Creating Marketing Value for Games

Creating Marketing Value for Games Products face a lot of challenges to succeed and keep its marketing value especially with the fast development and the huge types of products. According to Ulrich Eppinger (2008), to evaluate the performance of successful product development needs to follow the five dimensions, which are product quality, product cost, development time, development cost and development capability (p.2). Games are similar to any other product need to be successful and have a long life to compete with many other kinds. Games can be classified into genres such as toys, card games, multi-person games, electronic / video games and apps games. Every game of these genres follows the different strategy of development and has some features, which make it communal. To know the secret of success and longevity for each game we should study them with more details. Toys are most popular games and can be divided into many types. LEGOS are one of the most common toys, which have many geometrical shapes and colors. Several features make these toys are successful and have high demand by costumers. First, they are made of robust plastic material. This type of material is designed in many forms and colors, which gives the specialists high tolerance to develop this game by adding numbers, letters and figures such as cars, trains, and animals. Second, the low price cost is one of the important features, which make these toys are affordable for each consumer. According to the size, material, and the shape of sets, the LEGO has a different price. Third, these types of games are fit for male, female and for different ages. Usually, when parents buy toys from supermarket, they should check the age and gender, but LEGO is suitable for all. Fourth, they are safe even for small kids. Big pieces can be used safely because the kids cannot swallow them. Finally, LEGO group has development capability for the future to change the plastic material to be friendlier to the environment. According to Roar (2015), Today, the LEGO Group announces a significant investment of DKK 1 billion dedicated to research, development, and implementation of new, sustainable, raw materials to manufacture LEGOÂÂ ® elements as well as packaging materials. Generally, the robust material, the low price, the gender, the safety usage and the future vision of development are the most important features, which have made LEGOS popular. Card games are one of the popular game all over the world.Poker and cards are common types of card games. There are several features, which make these games popular. First, they have many ways to play and every way has specific rules. For instance, in Iraq cards can be played by two or four players, each player plays with fourteen cards and must collect at least two pairs with three cards and the total number should be fifty- one. Also, in America, this game can be played in different ways such as gin rummy, blackjack, and bridge. Second, this game is considered as a commercial game. Many players get much money by playing card games either online or at famous cities. For example, Las Vegas is a famous city, which has many special places for playing poker. Third, they are very cheap and affordable everywhere. Card games can be bought for less than ten dollars for one package. Fourth, they have simple rules and easy to learn so, everyone can play card games. Even though a player doesnt have much experience can play and get much fun. Finally, they are not heavy and can be carried everywhere like public places, transportation, etc. Generally, the way of playing, the profit, the low price, the easy rules and the weight of package are most popular features, which have made card games have success and longevity. Multi-person games usually are played by tow or more than two person. Monopoly is one of the most popular Multi-person game. This game has some features that make it popular and success. First, Monopoly is designed to play by a team either among friends or family. For instance, to play it you need to persuade at least two and then should struggle to stay playing and eliminate the others so, it makes much fun and challenge among players. Second, rules of this game has been developed to be easy and simple for everyone. Although, it has a lot of pieces, papers, and the player should have some strategies, but it is easy to learn and play. Third, it is not expensive and sold everywhere. Even though monopoly has different edition such as classic and ultimate banking, but the price is very cheap. Finally, monopoly is played in many countries and in different languages. It is popular everywhere and can be different for every cultures. Generally, the design, development rules, the low price a nd country of origin are the most features, which have made this game successful and popular.

Comanche Indians Essay -- essays research papers

COMANCHE INDIANS The Comanches, exceptional horsemen who dominated the Southern Plains, played a prominent role in Texas frontier history throughout much of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Anthropological evidence indicates that they were originally a mountain tribe, a branch of the Northern Shoshones, who roamed the Great Basin region of the western United States as crudely equipped hunters and gatherers. Both cultural and linguistic similarities confirm the Comanches' Shoshone origins. The Comanche language is derived from the Uto-Aztecan linguistic family and is virtually identical to the language of the Northern Shoshones. Sometime during the late seventeenth century, the Comanches acquired horses, and that acquisition drastically altered their culture. The life of the pedestrian tribe was revolutionized as they rapidly evolved into a mounted, well-equipped, and powerful people. Their new mobility allowed them to leave their mountain home and their Shoshone neighbors and move onto the pl ains of eastern Colorado and western Kansas, where game was plentiful. After their arrival on the Great Plains, the Comanches began a southern migration that was encouraged by a combination of factors. By moving south, they had greater access to the mustangs of the Southwest. The warm climate and abundant buffalo were additional incentives for the southern migration. The move also facilitated the acquisition of French trade goods, including firearms, through barter with the Wichita Indians on the Red River. Pressure from more powerful and better-armed tribes to their north and east, principally the Blackfoot and Crow Indians, also encouraged their migration. A vast area of the South Plains, including much of North, Central, and West Texas, soon became Comanche country, or Comancheria. Only after their arrival on the Southern Plains did the tribe come to be known as Comanches, a name derived from the Ute word Komdnteia, meaning "enemy," or, literally, "anyone who wants to fight me all the time." The Spaniards in New Meadco, who encountered the Comanches in the early eighteenth century, gave the tribe the name by which they were later known to Spaniards and Americans able. Although the tribe came to be known historically as Comanches, they called themselves Nermernuh, or "the People." The Comanches did not arrive on the South Plain... ...orld War ll. accelerated the breakup of Comanche society as members of the tribe left to find jobs in the defense industry or join the military service. In the postwar years, the Comanche population continued to disperse in search of economic opportunity. In the 1960s the Comanches, encouraged by a resurgence of Indian nationalism, began to work together to rebuild their society. They underwent important political changes because of that initiative. They seceded from the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Intertribal Business Committee, which had served as their government since passage of the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act of 1936. Although they maintained ties with the Kiowas and Apaches, the Comanches established their own tribal government, which operates in a bustling complex near Lawton, Oklahoma. In 1995, the Comanches had an enrolled tribal population of 9,722 scattered across the United States. For them the pow-wow, or dance gathering, had become an important method of maintaining Comanche kinship. The People are also united by pride in their rich Comanche heritage, an element that has remained constant through years of tumultuous change. Comanche Indians Essay -- essays research papers COMANCHE INDIANS The Comanches, exceptional horsemen who dominated the Southern Plains, played a prominent role in Texas frontier history throughout much of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Anthropological evidence indicates that they were originally a mountain tribe, a branch of the Northern Shoshones, who roamed the Great Basin region of the western United States as crudely equipped hunters and gatherers. Both cultural and linguistic similarities confirm the Comanches' Shoshone origins. The Comanche language is derived from the Uto-Aztecan linguistic family and is virtually identical to the language of the Northern Shoshones. Sometime during the late seventeenth century, the Comanches acquired horses, and that acquisition drastically altered their culture. The life of the pedestrian tribe was revolutionized as they rapidly evolved into a mounted, well-equipped, and powerful people. Their new mobility allowed them to leave their mountain home and their Shoshone neighbors and move onto the pl ains of eastern Colorado and western Kansas, where game was plentiful. After their arrival on the Great Plains, the Comanches began a southern migration that was encouraged by a combination of factors. By moving south, they had greater access to the mustangs of the Southwest. The warm climate and abundant buffalo were additional incentives for the southern migration. The move also facilitated the acquisition of French trade goods, including firearms, through barter with the Wichita Indians on the Red River. Pressure from more powerful and better-armed tribes to their north and east, principally the Blackfoot and Crow Indians, also encouraged their migration. A vast area of the South Plains, including much of North, Central, and West Texas, soon became Comanche country, or Comancheria. Only after their arrival on the Southern Plains did the tribe come to be known as Comanches, a name derived from the Ute word Komdnteia, meaning "enemy," or, literally, "anyone who wants to fight me all the time." The Spaniards in New Meadco, who encountered the Comanches in the early eighteenth century, gave the tribe the name by which they were later known to Spaniards and Americans able. Although the tribe came to be known historically as Comanches, they called themselves Nermernuh, or "the People." The Comanches did not arrive on the South Plain... ...orld War ll. accelerated the breakup of Comanche society as members of the tribe left to find jobs in the defense industry or join the military service. In the postwar years, the Comanche population continued to disperse in search of economic opportunity. In the 1960s the Comanches, encouraged by a resurgence of Indian nationalism, began to work together to rebuild their society. They underwent important political changes because of that initiative. They seceded from the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Intertribal Business Committee, which had served as their government since passage of the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act of 1936. Although they maintained ties with the Kiowas and Apaches, the Comanches established their own tribal government, which operates in a bustling complex near Lawton, Oklahoma. In 1995, the Comanches had an enrolled tribal population of 9,722 scattered across the United States. For them the pow-wow, or dance gathering, had become an important method of maintaining Comanche kinship. The People are also united by pride in their rich Comanche heritage, an element that has remained constant through years of tumultuous change.

Yahoo Case Study

Report write-up on Yahoo Case study Yahoo was conceptualized almost accidentally in 1993 by Jerry Yang and David Filo – who were pursuing their electrical engineering degree from Stanford University – while posting a list of their favorite sites on the web, got officially founded in 1994 and incorporated in the year 1995. Initially named â€Å"Jerry’s guide to world wide web†, got later named Yahoo which was an acronym for â€Å"Yet another Hierarchal Officious Oracle†.The term â€Å"Hierarchal† described how the Yahoo database was arranged, the term â€Å"officious† describing the many office workers who would use Yahoo from their work place and â€Å"oracle† suggesting a â€Å"source of wisdom†. Today Yahoo! Inc. is a multinational internet corporation best known for its web portal, search engine (Yahoo! Search, #2 in search engine market share with 6. 8% market share) and for a variety of other services, including Yaho o! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Finance, Yahoo! Groups, Yahoo!Answers, advertising, online mapping, video sharing, fantasy sports and its social media website. With revenue figures of $4. 9B for FY’2011, and a market capitalization of $23. 8B, Yahoo’s success story comprises many hits and more misses. After the modest web directory started to attract large influx of visitors on a daily basis, Yang and Filo decided to make business of it by renting advertising space on the Yahoo Directory pages. Capital Investment came in from Sequoia Capital, who proposed to hire a professional CEO to drive the business forward.After a careful evaluation of a half-dozen candidates, Michael Moritz of Sequoia Capital chose Timothy Koogle, who brought 15 years of leadership experience in high-tech management. Timothy had to use great influence and persuasion skills to bring everybody on board on his vision for the company, one that would create a world connected via the web . His vision encompassed leveraging the company’s existing strength of the web directory by providing more and more compelling content and driving higher advertising revenue.At the same time, create an online platform where buyers could meet sellers, transacting safely over the internet and charging a cut of the revenue for these services provided. They also added customization features for their registered users on their Yahoo financials page so that specific companies of interest could be followed by the users. Along the way, they also helped advertisers reach out to their relevant audience better and thereby increasing the value delivered to them. The strategy was working out very well for Yahoo. Yahoo grew rapidly throughout the 1990s.It also made many high-profile acquisitions. While everything was going great for Yahoo, they failed to evaluate their strategy at that juncture. The environment they were thriving on was that of the dot-com bubble and most companies that we re sources of advertising revenue for Yahoo were the dot-com companies. When the dot-com bubble burst, most of these companies went bankrupt drying out sources of advertising revenue for Yahoo. Its stock price skyrocketed during the dot-com bubble, Yahoo stocks closing at an all-time high of $118. 5 a share on January 3, 2000. However, after the dot-com bubble burst, it reached a post-bubble low of $4. 05 on September 26, 2001. While the corporate level vision and strategy were forward looking, the business level strategy needed timely review, the lack of which brought about the downward spiral of Yahoo in a short span. Owing to a huge negative impact on the shareholders’ value, Tim Koogle resigned giving the heirs to Terry Semel, a former Warner Brothers executive.Semel’s goal was to arrest the fall in Yahoo’s revenues by diversifying from the hitherto advertising centric revenue model to subscription-based, value-added services and increasing the quality in ad vertising revenue by targeting more stable companies. This strategy was viewed as but a late reaction to the changing market landscape, something that investors expected the leadership to foresee. Terry Semel also had his share of low moments as CEO of Yahoo during the criticism he drew for cooperating with the Chinese officials to release previously confidential Yahoo information to the Chinese government.He also lost a chance to buy out Google during its nascent years, whose search engine services it used till Yahoo developed its own search engine technologies. Over the years, Yahoo also failed to catch the market trends of social, mobile, local, platform services etc. at the right times, which has resulted in diminishing market share figures in each of the spaces. While Yahoo revenue has dipped for the year 2011, the company’s financials look strong with low debt and good cash flow.Company’s new management team is betting big on mobile and connected TV businesses. M obile applications, where the company is lagging behind competitors like Google and Facebook, is a business line it must produce a turn-around performance on since the markets a trending in that direction. Marissa Mayer, former Google executive, who is now at the helm of the $5B company, would hope to bring her successful experience at Google to Yahoo to deliver the goods on the Mobile platforms business. Discussion Questions: . To what extent was the evolution of strategy at Yahoo planned? To what extent was it an emergent response to unforeseen events? Yahoo’s initial strategy during Koogle’s time of foraying into advertising and online portal for facilitating e-commerce and shopping were a planned strategy and were apt for the company with its inherent strengths. however, the portfolio diversification undertaken by Semel was an attempt to lower the risk exposure as a response to the changed business environment. 2.Could Yahoo have done a better job of anticipating t he slowdown in advertising revenue that occurred in 2000 – 2001 and positioning itself for that slowdown? How? What might it have done differently from a strategic planning perspective? In order to achieve a sustained competitive advantage, a firm must adapt to the change in the market trends. As a strategy evaluation process, yahoo could have foreseen the dot-com bubble burst as the bubble formation was a process that had initiated around ’98. Analysts highlighted the risk in staying invested with the dot-com companies.There was surplus income available with retail investors during that period, which is suggestive of a trend of higher demand of normal goods / services over inferior goods / services. Yahoo could have seen this trend and positioned itself for a niche product / service offering. 3. Does Yahoo have a source of potential long-term competitive advantage? Where does this come from? Yahoo has a good cash flow – a low debt and also a business model in p lace for buyers to meet sellers. Social Media has played a key role in penetrating the market – creating awareness of using the online medium.Yahoo has the system in place to capitalize this strength in order to optimally utilize the buyer-meet seller platform – expand it from retail presence to corporate interactions, include a model that addresses webinars for multiple industries eg pharma meet can be entirely conducted online – creating a significant cost advantage for the participants and also adding to its revenue by marginal investments that wont affect its balance sheet either. 4. What does Koogle’s resignation in May 2001 tell you about the role of a CEO in a public company?CEO’s role in a public company has evolved over the years, but in essence, remains that of a custodian of the shareholders’ value. Koogle had a very good vision and strategy for the company, which did transpire into success initially. While the formulation of the strategy may have been done well, the execution at the business level and evaluation of the strategy could have been better. Even towards the end of Terry Semel’s tenure in 2006, his salary was reduced to only $1 (with $70M worth of stock options ofcourse) due to shareholders’ dissatisfaction.

Legal Case Study Essay - 1023 Words

Legal Case Study This case is about the disagreement between Simpsons Ltd v Thowers Ltd. The carrier’s liabilities will be discussed in three parts, firstly to resolve the problem, I am going to give a short description of the main components of the contract of carriage of goods by sea Act 1971, secondly I will decide which of the Hague Visby rules or the Common law is applicable, and to finish I am going to apply the rules in looking for the liabilities of the carrier by searching the†¦show more content†¦A) Conditions of the application Hague Visby rules. The Hague Visby rules do apply if : Art 1 (Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971) * The contract is based on a bill of lading or any other document of title. * Carriage of Goods by Sea is between ports in two different states. * The goods are not live animals * If the contract of carriage stated as being carried on deck and is so carried. B) Effect of the exclusion clause In the case, one clause could put in balance the use of the Hague Visby rules. In fact it is on the first bill of lading â€Å" five containers containing engine parts, liberty to carry on deck†, we have to check if the shipper could carry on deck or not. The case Simpsons v Thowers complete the first three obligations if we want Hague Visby rules apply. In fact, the contract is regulated by a bill of lading, which has been signed in two parts from contracting states and the goods capacity conform with the law (no live animals or dangerous goods). There are engine parts and 1,000 gallons of paint. However, with the clause â€Å"liberty to carry on deck†, we could ask them in this particular case if the Hague Visby rules cannot apply. 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Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen - 1126 Words

Henrik Ibsen wrote the book, Doll’s House, in the late 1870s about the life of the common woman in Norway during the 1870s. The book gave society an inside of look of the life women in general. Woman during this time were oppressed and men were contemptuous towards women. Women that opposed their husband were considered mentally insane and sent to a mental institution. The book is about a domesticated woman named Nora. Nora lives in a house with her husband and their three kids. Nora main job to take care of herself in order to maintain her beauty. Torvald becomes sick and they do not have the money to take him to southern Europe, which is the only place here he will get better at. Nora is the only one that knows her husband is in a life threatening condition. Nora borrows the money from the banker, who is old time classmate of Torvald. The bankers name is Krogstad. As a woman, Nora is not allowed to get a loan from the bank without a signature from a man, and Torvald refuses to get a loan because he does not know his condition he is in. During this time period in history, it was considered rude to tell someone they were going to be pushing daisies soon, so the doctor tells the person closed to them at the time, which for Torvalds case is Nora. Nora forges her fathers name on the bond, how died days before the bond as signed. The book, Dolls House, deals with the aftermath of the situation Nora is no in. Krogstad blackmails Nora until the end of the play when herShow MoreRelatedA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1725 Words   |  7 Pagessuffrage, took place from 1848-1920. In the drama A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, readers are presented with what seems to be the perfect little American dream home. Anti-feminist values are presented immediately in the first scenes of the play and carry out until the end. The play was written in 1879, a time when the feminist movement was just starting to take shape and become well known. The drama A Doll’s H ouse has feminist themes that indicate Henrik Ibsen to be a supporter of the feminist movement throughRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1492 Words   |  6 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen was written in 1879 during the Victorian Era. The story is written as a play to be performed on stage. The two main characters Nora and Torvald Helmer are upper middle class husband and wife, but it boils down to social expectations. Conflicts arise when women are under their husbands rule for everything and society pressure to keep up appearances. Torvald Helmer is the antagonist to Nora, his wife, because he is mostly concerned about his reputation, he is the supremeRead MoreA Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe themes of â€Å"objecthood† and â€Å"feminine liberation† in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House as conveyed through the characterization of Torvald and Nora, diction, stage directions and structure in two integral scenes. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House conveys the story of a wife’s struggle to break away from the social norms of late nineteenth century middle class Europe. Throughout the play, Ibsen focuses on Nora’s characterization and experiences and thus this leads the reader to perceive her as the protagonistRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1556 Words   |  7 Pagesprevalent in a variety of literary selections. This paper will focus on animal imagery in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House by using the reader response strategy. In the play A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen, animal imagery is used in the development of the main character Nora. It is also later found that the animal imagery is a critical part in understanding who Nora is and how other characters perceive her. Ibsen uses creative animal imagery to develop Noras character throughout the play. The animalRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1829 Words   |  7 Pages Henrik Ibsen, writer of his most famed play A Doll’s House. Ibsen emphasizes on small-town life in this play. A Doll’s House takes place in the 1880s in Europe/Norway and based on a married couple, Torvald Nora, who are considered to be middle class. The main character Nora in Ibsen’s play, A Doll’s House, seems to give this false installment of her identity. She is both unpredictable and childlike. The entire first and second act she spends giving this hidden subtext that she is unreliableRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen868 Words   |  3 Pagesmoney is considered to hold the most power. In the case of the household, the person who holds the most power is the person who handles the money, and in our man-centric world, it is usually the man who holds both money and power. In Henrik Ibsens play A Doll’s House, the theme of money is used to establish power roles between the characters of the play, and how the theme contributes to typical gender roles in the 19th century. A womans duty in the 19th century was to exhibit â€Å"piety, purity, submissivenessRead MoreA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesIn Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House, pointedly captures the reality of the Victorian Era within the play. Nora Helmer, the protagonist of the story, represents the typical women in society during that era. The audience’s first impression of Nora is a money obsessed, childish, obedient house wife to her husband, Torvald Helmer. However, as the play progresses one can see that Nora is far from being that typical ideal trophy wife, she is an impulsive liar who goes against society’s norm to be whomRead More A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay842 Words   |  4 PagesA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen â€Å"A dolls house† was written by Henrik Ibsen and produced by famous actors during the time of the 1800’s; in fact it was the year of 1879 to be precise. It was around this time that many different Social, cultural and historical moments were changing through time, leaving the end result to change not only one country but had an effect on most of the world. For this section of the work I will be carefully discussing with you the issues of; * Social events Read More A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen The play â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen is about a wife that is hiding a big secret from her overprotective husband. The play takes place on Christmas Eve till the day after Christmas. Nora Helmer and Torvald Helmer have been married for 8 years, yet Nora is hiding something from Torvald that she thinks would ruin everything if he found out. It opens up with Nora coming home and decorating the house for Christmas and making preparations. They have 3 children:Read MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen834 Words   |  3 PagesMr. Krogstad, a former employee of Torvald is the leading antagonist in A Doll House. He clearly has an agenda and a lust for power. Krogstad’s lust for power gives the reader a sense of subtle rage because Krogstad only wants what’s best for him and his family but he exploits Nora for his own gain. Krogstad advances the plot by controlling Nora through a loan, while illuminating both main characters, and reinforcing the themes of confusion and lost love. Krogstad influences the plot in a very

Smoking Cigarettes Should Not Be Legal Essay - 1115 Words

Is Smoking Worth Being Legal Smoking is not worth being out there for the public to do, there are activities you could be doing and having an exciting moment of your life instead of smoking. Everyone thinks about the smell of a cigarette and the appearance of a smoker and think â€Å"Hey, there s a bum right there,† but they do not know about the true nature of cigarettes and smoking. Smoking may be considered a ‘hobby’ to someone who smokes yet most people do not know is the dark side to smoking. A ban on smoking will make a huge impact if it were to ever be put down as a law. Smoking has been known to ‘help’ people calm down and give them something to do if they were ever bored. Smoking has played a huge role in the military, When I was sitting in a bunker in Vietnam at 0400, a cigarette gave me comfort and pleasure. OH! It is not good to get lung cancer but a sucking chest wound is?† says an ex-marine veteran of the Vietnam war. Numerous peo ple smoke and there are powerful tobacco companies out there that will not go down without a fight if a ban on smoking came to life. Primarily why people usually start smoking for a reason, it could be for fun or it could be because of a simple relationship problem. Almost everyone one smokes for there first time in high school. High school is a big transition for a teenager, for most teens, parents let their teenagers experience what it is like being a high school student mean they can do whatever they want. Friends and familyShow MoreRelatedSmoking Cigarettes Should Be Legal1474 Words   |  6 Pagestruth behind smoking. The commercial was spread across the country; on televised public service announced, billboards and posters. The commercial showed a former smoker Terrie, 51, entering a room, putting on false teeth, pulling on a wig, and exposing the hole in her throat. Terri s hole In her throat is called a stoma; a hole made in front of the neck to create a door for her windpi pe to access air and reach the lungs. But the only way of getting throat cancer is smoking cigarettes, so why takeRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes Should Be Legal1219 Words   |  5 Pagesdoctors smoke back then, right? So, you should smoke cigarettes too. If doctors do it, so could you. But is that the case in today’s society? This specific advertisement is addressing to the audience that smoking is okay because doctors are promoting that it is good for you, and it will even enhance your life; however, this is not true. Back then, people thought that smoking a cigarette was not harmful. 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Digital Legacy and Privacy

Question: Discuss about theDigital Legacy and Privacy. Answer: Introduction: In modern world, data is considered as power. In todays world the communication nad transaction are mostly digital. Hence, it is important for the organizations and individuals to opt for securing the privacy of the digital data. However, this policy of digital privacy often becomes a nightmare for a few users. In the discussed two instances in the provided case studies, the policy of digital privacy has become an insensitive bar to the families of some deceased social media users. Moreover, in the context of increasing cases of crime and terrorism, this policy of digital privacy is continuously becoming a threat to the civic lives. Discussion: According to the Australian legal framework, privacy is the right of a person to protection from infringement into their personal lives, and to control the flow of their personal information. Privacy cannot be claimed an absolute right; it varies in different circumstance and is balanced against other challenging rights and legal obligations. As mentioned by Quinn, (2014) the popular idea of privacy not exactly differs to the legal idea of privacy. The idea of privacy can be dignified as a personal right of an individual. On the other hand, the idea of digital privacy can be identified as the idea of data security in the online interface. As the modern world spends most of its life span over the digital environment, the parts of their lives becomes shared in this interface. It is important for them to be protected for their personal, societal as well as national security. As mentioned by Goldie Michael, (2014) with the divulgence of the Wikileaks Controversy the idea of digital privacy is continuously gaining ground everywhere. However, even the majority of the users of the virtual life are concerned with the privacy issues and hoping to make it stronger, a number of people are actually standing against it. If the scenario of Australia can be reviewed, it can be noticed that the national law is intensely focusing on getting access to the information of data usage of the nationals. Even though the international social media companies are trying to provide an extensive level of digital privacy to the users, the government is creating laws to disrupt the Digital Privacy in Australia. However, with the emergence of the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015, the national government has posed a direct access to the data shred via tele-communication sources. As mentioned by Butler Rodrick, (2015) though it has disrupted the sense of privacy, but it has provided relief to the security authorities of the nation. However, in the given context, as described by Aminnezhad, Dehghantanha Abdullah, (2012) it s a matter of hope that among the social media users of Australia only nine per cent of people trust social media websites to protect their information. However, the nation has no legal mandate for the digital sites to compel them to share the data to the family members of a deceased user. As described in the given case studie s, it have been noted that the families are suffering an extensive emotional distress due to this digital privacy. However, the Australian government has no stand regarding this. By focusing the concentration over the issues discussed in the two case studies, a number of concerns can be associated to the digital materials. As the majority of people are now spending digital lives in the online interface, it becomes easier for everyone to be aware of the secrets of his/her life. Hence, it is important to obtain a strategy of protecting these data from being intruded and used with wrong purpose. It is one of the major concerns of the users in the online interface. However, there are data security policies which the web based companies use to ensure security to data of the users, which creates another concerns. As opined by Ahmed Booth, (2016) with the organizations mandatory rules of digital privacy, the security officers often find it difficult to get consultation with a huge source of potential useful data. It limits the power of investigation for the security forces. On the other hand, as discussed in the given case studies, the policy of digital privacy is restricting the family members of a deceased user to obtain the information related to that person. however, the importance of digital privacy can also not be ignored for all of the same reasons. Hence, ensuring the data privacy is a prerequisite for the users of various digital media. As discussed by Wessels, (2012) a number of options can be considered regarding this: Create a back up: as discussed by Cherry, (2013) the digital data are in constant threat of being eliminated by mechanical malfunction or other issues. with a back up the data can be recovered and also be altered if necessary. Make the old hard drive unreadable: as opined by Goldie Michael, (2014) many data are being regularly intruded by the means of old and unused hard drives. The users need to make the drives unreadable before disposing them. Consult to the data privacy policies of various websites: today almost all websites use the data privacy policy. The users need to use them to protect the information. Here, the idea of digital legacy takes the centre stage. Legacy is what one leaves behind when he leaves a place. A legacycan include anything, be it memories, traditions, relationships, things, arts or systems. However, as mentioned by Sharp, (2013) digital legacy is the information that a person leaves behind when leaving that digital interface. It not only includes the photos, images, videos or contents they share in the social media, but also encompasses the sons, movies, numbers, and files in hard drives. The companies like Facebook, has their own data privacy policy. They provide a number of options to the users to protect his/ her confidential data with simple guidelines. On the other hand, Google is using customized software to provide protection to the data of its users. Moreover as mentioned by the company privacy policy, the users can opt for receiving notifications in case of suspicious login attempts, or service setting changes (Goldie Michael, 2014). Moreover, by using encryption, tokens for user authentication, two-stage verification, iCloude is contiously providing protection to the data of the users (Richards, 2014). However, such a strong policy of data protection sometimes creates problem. The US government has a strong legal framework for the companies, which use the personal data of the users like, Google, Facebook and many more, which force them to provide families right of entry to the accounts of relatives of a deceased user. As mentioned by Sumeeth, Singh Miller, (2012) Facebook has launched its new application of Tools for Parents Educators. They have launched it with the aim of providing access to the information of the users to their parents. As discussed in the given case study, the idea of passing on the digital estate can be valid option for the users as well as the family members. As opined by Reynolds, (2011) the websites can introduce the idea of passing on the whole data and digital material collection of a member to his/ her family members after the death of the user. It can be a mandatory rule for the websites that they have to comply with the policy with all of its users. The organizations can make a separate data storage for each of its users and provide the whole access to it to the family members. However, in this case, the organizations must take prior permission to the user. They need to make a compulsory agreement regarding this before providing the opportunity of their service to the users. It may help in ensuring the ownership of digital property in a way of passing the digital estate. Moreover, the users must make known the importance of sharing the information to the security authority as well as the f amily members. They need to keep a back up of all the data shared in his/ her virtual life and keep it safe with an organization. They will pass it on to the family members after his/her death. With the change of time, the idea of Digital legacy and privacyhas been changed a lot on digital access of non-active online account. Previously there was not any legal boundary to the organization for sharing the data for a non-active online account. However, in the recent times, the governmental regulations regarding this particular issue has changed the orientation of operation of the companies. In the context of Australia, The Privacy Amendment (Enhancing Privacy Protection) Act 2012 (Privacy Amendment Act) has provided the investigation authorities an extensive chance of getting access of such data. It was not previousky possible for the national organizations. The example of Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015, has to be mentioned in this regard too. Hence, it can be said that previously it was hard for entities except the user to get access of the data. Now, with the governmental interventions, information can be recovered from an unused account. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that the idea of privacy can be identified as peoples personal right. As the right they enjoy in their real life, it should also be endowed to them in their virtual life. However, the websites should maintain some humane policies regarding the accessibility of this right. There should be governmental mandate regarding the accessibility of the digital legacy of an individual to his/ her kith and kin. It is not only an issue of emotional attachment. A big concern of national and personal security can also be associated to it. There are countries, which have enabled themselves to provide this right to the family members and the governmental authorities. It is true that Australia is also heading towards formulating such laws, but not a very significant step can be noticed. The Australian government should think about it and formulate law which will give the required access as well as the right to digital legacy. References: Ahmed, A., Booth, D. (2016). Harmonisation of Digital Privacy Law and Practice: The Jersey Workplace Case Study.International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (IJCSNS),16(6), 101. Aminnezhad, A., Dehghantanha, A., Abdullah, M. T. (2012). A survey on privacy issues in digital forensics.International Journal of Cyber-Security and Digital Forensics (IJCSDF),1(4), 311-323. Butler, D. A., Rodrick, S. (2015).Australian media law. Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited. Cherry, D. (2013).The Basics of Digital Privacy: Simple Tools to Protect Your Personal Information and Your Identity Online. Syngress. Goldie, B., Michael, K. (2014). Changes to Digital Privacy Laws-But are Consumers Aware?. Hopkins, J. P. (2013). Afterlife in the Cloud: Managing a Digital Estate. Quinn, M. J. (2014).Ethics for the information age. Pearson. Reynolds, G. (2011).Ethics in information technology. Cengage learning. Richards, N. (2014).Intellectual privacy: Rethinking civil liberties in the digital age. Oxford University Press, USA. Sharp, C. (2013). Managing Your Digital Legacy: Will Others Be Able to Access Your Cloud-Based Files When You No Longer Can?.Online searcher,37(6), 43-48. Sumeeth, M., Singh, R., Miller, J. (2012). Are online privacy policies readable.Optimizing Information Security and Advancing Privacy Assurance: New Technologies, New Technologies, 91. Wessels, B. (2012). Identification and the practices of identity and privacy in everyday digital communication.New Media Society, 1461444812450679.