Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen - 1126 Words

Henrik Ibsen wrote the book, Doll’s House, in the late 1870s about the life of the common woman in Norway during the 1870s. The book gave society an inside of look of the life women in general. Woman during this time were oppressed and men were contemptuous towards women. Women that opposed their husband were considered mentally insane and sent to a mental institution. The book is about a domesticated woman named Nora. Nora lives in a house with her husband and their three kids. Nora main job to take care of herself in order to maintain her beauty. Torvald becomes sick and they do not have the money to take him to southern Europe, which is the only place here he will get better at. Nora is the only one that knows her husband is in a life threatening condition. Nora borrows the money from the banker, who is old time classmate of Torvald. The bankers name is Krogstad. As a woman, Nora is not allowed to get a loan from the bank without a signature from a man, and Torvald refuses to get a loan because he does not know his condition he is in. During this time period in history, it was considered rude to tell someone they were going to be pushing daisies soon, so the doctor tells the person closed to them at the time, which for Torvalds case is Nora. Nora forges her fathers name on the bond, how died days before the bond as signed. The book, Dolls House, deals with the aftermath of the situation Nora is no in. Krogstad blackmails Nora until the end of the play when herShow MoreRelatedA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1725 Words   |  7 Pagessuffrage, took place from 1848-1920. In the drama A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, readers are presented with what seems to be the perfect little American dream home. Anti-feminist values are presented immediately in the first scenes of the play and carry out until the end. The play was written in 1879, a time when the feminist movement was just starting to take shape and become well known. The drama A Doll’s H ouse has feminist themes that indicate Henrik Ibsen to be a supporter of the feminist movement throughRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1492 Words   |  6 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen was written in 1879 during the Victorian Era. The story is written as a play to be performed on stage. The two main characters Nora and Torvald Helmer are upper middle class husband and wife, but it boils down to social expectations. Conflicts arise when women are under their husbands rule for everything and society pressure to keep up appearances. Torvald Helmer is the antagonist to Nora, his wife, because he is mostly concerned about his reputation, he is the supremeRead MoreA Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe themes of â€Å"objecthood† and â€Å"feminine liberation† in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House as conveyed through the characterization of Torvald and Nora, diction, stage directions and structure in two integral scenes. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House conveys the story of a wife’s struggle to break away from the social norms of late nineteenth century middle class Europe. Throughout the play, Ibsen focuses on Nora’s characterization and experiences and thus this leads the reader to perceive her as the protagonistRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1556 Words   |  7 Pagesprevalent in a variety of literary selections. This paper will focus on animal imagery in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House by using the reader response strategy. In the play A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen, animal imagery is used in the development of the main character Nora. It is also later found that the animal imagery is a critical part in understanding who Nora is and how other characters perceive her. Ibsen uses creative animal imagery to develop Noras character throughout the play. The animalRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1829 Words   |  7 Pages Henrik Ibsen, writer of his most famed play A Doll’s House. Ibsen emphasizes on small-town life in this play. A Doll’s House takes place in the 1880s in Europe/Norway and based on a married couple, Torvald Nora, who are considered to be middle class. The main character Nora in Ibsen’s play, A Doll’s House, seems to give this false installment of her identity. She is both unpredictable and childlike. The entire first and second act she spends giving this hidden subtext that she is unreliableRead MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen868 Words   |  3 Pagesmoney is considered to hold the most power. In the case of the household, the person who holds the most power is the person who handles the money, and in our man-centric world, it is usually the man who holds both money and power. In Henrik Ibsens play A Doll’s House, the theme of money is used to establish power roles between the characters of the play, and how the theme contributes to typical gender roles in the 19th century. A womans duty in the 19th century was to exhibit â€Å"piety, purity, submissivenessRead MoreA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesIn Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House, pointedly captures the reality of the Victorian Era within the play. Nora Helmer, the protagonist of the story, represents the typical women in society during that era. The audience’s first impression of Nora is a money obsessed, childish, obedient house wife to her husband, Torvald Helmer. However, as the play progresses one can see that Nora is far from being that typical ideal trophy wife, she is an impulsive liar who goes against society’s norm to be whomRead More A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay842 Words   |  4 PagesA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen â€Å"A dolls house† was written by Henrik Ibsen and produced by famous actors during the time of the 1800’s; in fact it was the year of 1879 to be precise. It was around this time that many different Social, cultural and historical moments were changing through time, leaving the end result to change not only one country but had an effect on most of the world. For this section of the work I will be carefully discussing with you the issues of; * Social events Read More A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen The play â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen is about a wife that is hiding a big secret from her overprotective husband. The play takes place on Christmas Eve till the day after Christmas. Nora Helmer and Torvald Helmer have been married for 8 years, yet Nora is hiding something from Torvald that she thinks would ruin everything if he found out. It opens up with Nora coming home and decorating the house for Christmas and making preparations. They have 3 children:Read MoreA Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen834 Words   |  3 PagesMr. Krogstad, a former employee of Torvald is the leading antagonist in A Doll House. He clearly has an agenda and a lust for power. Krogstad’s lust for power gives the reader a sense of subtle rage because Krogstad only wants what’s best for him and his family but he exploits Nora for his own gain. Krogstad advances the plot by controlling Nora through a loan, while illuminating both main characters, and reinforcing the themes of confusion and lost love. Krogstad influences the plot in a very

Smoking Cigarettes Should Not Be Legal Essay - 1115 Words

Is Smoking Worth Being Legal Smoking is not worth being out there for the public to do, there are activities you could be doing and having an exciting moment of your life instead of smoking. Everyone thinks about the smell of a cigarette and the appearance of a smoker and think â€Å"Hey, there s a bum right there,† but they do not know about the true nature of cigarettes and smoking. Smoking may be considered a ‘hobby’ to someone who smokes yet most people do not know is the dark side to smoking. A ban on smoking will make a huge impact if it were to ever be put down as a law. Smoking has been known to ‘help’ people calm down and give them something to do if they were ever bored. Smoking has played a huge role in the military, When I was sitting in a bunker in Vietnam at 0400, a cigarette gave me comfort and pleasure. OH! It is not good to get lung cancer but a sucking chest wound is?† says an ex-marine veteran of the Vietnam war. Numerous peo ple smoke and there are powerful tobacco companies out there that will not go down without a fight if a ban on smoking came to life. Primarily why people usually start smoking for a reason, it could be for fun or it could be because of a simple relationship problem. Almost everyone one smokes for there first time in high school. High school is a big transition for a teenager, for most teens, parents let their teenagers experience what it is like being a high school student mean they can do whatever they want. Friends and familyShow MoreRelatedSmoking Cigarettes Should Be Legal1474 Words   |  6 Pagestruth behind smoking. The commercial was spread across the country; on televised public service announced, billboards and posters. The commercial showed a former smoker Terrie, 51, entering a room, putting on false teeth, pulling on a wig, and exposing the hole in her throat. Terri s hole In her throat is called a stoma; a hole made in front of the neck to create a door for her windpi pe to access air and reach the lungs. But the only way of getting throat cancer is smoking cigarettes, so why takeRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes Should Be Legal1219 Words   |  5 Pagesdoctors smoke back then, right? So, you should smoke cigarettes too. If doctors do it, so could you. But is that the case in today’s society? This specific advertisement is addressing to the audience that smoking is okay because doctors are promoting that it is good for you, and it will even enhance your life; however, this is not true. Back then, people thought that smoking a cigarette was not harmful. But in actuality, over the years, it has been found that smoking is harmful to one’s self, and potentiallyRead MoreCigarettes : America s Most Detrimental Drug982 Words   |  4 PagesCigarettes: America’s Most Detrimental Drug INTRODUCTION Many drugs are used, misused, and abused in American society today. Some of these carry stigma in the general population, forcing users into an underground drug subculture. Others are accepted and almost promoted under certain circumstances. Tobacco is one of those drugs. Tobacco will be discussed in the context of cigarette smoking. This is not to undermine the existence or danger of other forms of tobacco, but instead to have an exhaustiveRead MoreCigarettes in America Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesrespiratory disease. The most deadly origin of disease is cigarette smoking. A cigarette contains many harmful chemicals that damage the smokers’ body as well as the people that surround the smoker. Its negative impacts regarding health carry more burdens than what some may say is the â€Å"positive† social outcome of smoking. Tobacco was originally used as a heavy sedative during tribal times and never used as a form of leisure. Cigarettes should be made illegal in the United States because of the outcomesRead MoreSmoking Essay848 Words   |  4 Pagesover the world? Cigarettes. Practically my entire family has been affected by these cancer filled sticks of death. A few years ago, my aunt fell terribly ill. Partly because she had been smoking her entire life. Unfortunately, my aunt passed away shortly after. Cigarettes can kill so why are they still legal? There is really no way to know. Except for the profit. Which is sick its killing people for money, it’s practically paying people to kill you, a slow and painful death. We should completely getRead MoreEssay about The Major Public Health Concern of Tobacco1390 Words   |  6 Pagespublic health concern. It is nineteen ninety nine, and the number of smokers is rising while the average age of smoking initiation decreases. There are those that believe using tobacco of any type should be illegal, or at least restricted. Others believe it is up to the person to choose whether to use tob acco products or not, however most of these people believe tobacco companies should warn their customers of their products harmful affects. History Tobacco has been used since before our nationRead MoreThe Fight Against Smoking1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fight Against Smoking Tobacco has been a huge part of economic success in many countries for over a century now. Tobacco use has greatly increased since its discovery in the late 1400s by the European settlers in the new world otherwise known as the United States. Tobacco companies are very aware of the health risks of cigarettes, but continue to sell them for the high amount of revenue they make off of them. Cigarettes kill millions of people around the world each year and the death tollRead MoreCigarettes : Smoke Stick Or Mass Murderer?1583 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Cigarettes: Smoke Stick or Mass Murderer? Did you know that the leading preventable cause of death in the United States is cigarettes? A cigarette is a thin cylinder of finely cut tobacco rolled in paper for smoking. The first cigarettes were made in 1865 by Washington Duke on his 300-acre farm in North Carolina (History of Tobacco). Cigarettes are inhaled and smoke to feel relaxed. Smoking is an activity in which smoke is inhaled from a burning substance. The biggest pro about cigarettes isRead MoreEffects of Banning Smoking Advertising Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Banning Smoking Advertising Cigarettes are some of the most abused drugs in the world and the effects associated with smoking have greatly influenced the intervention of health professionals concerning the legality of smoking advertisements. Ethical and legal issues have come up over the essence of restricting or completely banning cigarette advertising to reduce the number of affected individuals. Cigarettes have since time immemorial been established to cause a wide range of infectionsRead MoreShould Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S.?1444 Words   |  6 Pagescommunity. A popular tobacco product in society is cigarettes, as they are cheap and simple to use. As long as one is over eighteen, acquiring cigarettes is a straightforward process for a reasonable price, albeit the sin tax. It was not until recently when cigarettes became widely controversial due to the plant containing nicotine, an addictive drug to the body. Aside from containing nicotine and other hazardous chemicals to the body, cigarettes also ca use a whole host of health implications to the

Digital Legacy and Privacy

Question: Discuss about theDigital Legacy and Privacy. Answer: Introduction: In modern world, data is considered as power. In todays world the communication nad transaction are mostly digital. Hence, it is important for the organizations and individuals to opt for securing the privacy of the digital data. However, this policy of digital privacy often becomes a nightmare for a few users. In the discussed two instances in the provided case studies, the policy of digital privacy has become an insensitive bar to the families of some deceased social media users. Moreover, in the context of increasing cases of crime and terrorism, this policy of digital privacy is continuously becoming a threat to the civic lives. Discussion: According to the Australian legal framework, privacy is the right of a person to protection from infringement into their personal lives, and to control the flow of their personal information. Privacy cannot be claimed an absolute right; it varies in different circumstance and is balanced against other challenging rights and legal obligations. As mentioned by Quinn, (2014) the popular idea of privacy not exactly differs to the legal idea of privacy. The idea of privacy can be dignified as a personal right of an individual. On the other hand, the idea of digital privacy can be identified as the idea of data security in the online interface. As the modern world spends most of its life span over the digital environment, the parts of their lives becomes shared in this interface. It is important for them to be protected for their personal, societal as well as national security. As mentioned by Goldie Michael, (2014) with the divulgence of the Wikileaks Controversy the idea of digital privacy is continuously gaining ground everywhere. However, even the majority of the users of the virtual life are concerned with the privacy issues and hoping to make it stronger, a number of people are actually standing against it. If the scenario of Australia can be reviewed, it can be noticed that the national law is intensely focusing on getting access to the information of data usage of the nationals. Even though the international social media companies are trying to provide an extensive level of digital privacy to the users, the government is creating laws to disrupt the Digital Privacy in Australia. However, with the emergence of the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015, the national government has posed a direct access to the data shred via tele-communication sources. As mentioned by Butler Rodrick, (2015) though it has disrupted the sense of privacy, but it has provided relief to the security authorities of the nation. However, in the given context, as described by Aminnezhad, Dehghantanha Abdullah, (2012) it s a matter of hope that among the social media users of Australia only nine per cent of people trust social media websites to protect their information. However, the nation has no legal mandate for the digital sites to compel them to share the data to the family members of a deceased user. As described in the given case studie s, it have been noted that the families are suffering an extensive emotional distress due to this digital privacy. However, the Australian government has no stand regarding this. By focusing the concentration over the issues discussed in the two case studies, a number of concerns can be associated to the digital materials. As the majority of people are now spending digital lives in the online interface, it becomes easier for everyone to be aware of the secrets of his/her life. Hence, it is important to obtain a strategy of protecting these data from being intruded and used with wrong purpose. It is one of the major concerns of the users in the online interface. However, there are data security policies which the web based companies use to ensure security to data of the users, which creates another concerns. As opined by Ahmed Booth, (2016) with the organizations mandatory rules of digital privacy, the security officers often find it difficult to get consultation with a huge source of potential useful data. It limits the power of investigation for the security forces. On the other hand, as discussed in the given case studies, the policy of digital privacy is restricting the family members of a deceased user to obtain the information related to that person. however, the importance of digital privacy can also not be ignored for all of the same reasons. Hence, ensuring the data privacy is a prerequisite for the users of various digital media. As discussed by Wessels, (2012) a number of options can be considered regarding this: Create a back up: as discussed by Cherry, (2013) the digital data are in constant threat of being eliminated by mechanical malfunction or other issues. with a back up the data can be recovered and also be altered if necessary. Make the old hard drive unreadable: as opined by Goldie Michael, (2014) many data are being regularly intruded by the means of old and unused hard drives. The users need to make the drives unreadable before disposing them. Consult to the data privacy policies of various websites: today almost all websites use the data privacy policy. The users need to use them to protect the information. Here, the idea of digital legacy takes the centre stage. Legacy is what one leaves behind when he leaves a place. A legacycan include anything, be it memories, traditions, relationships, things, arts or systems. However, as mentioned by Sharp, (2013) digital legacy is the information that a person leaves behind when leaving that digital interface. It not only includes the photos, images, videos or contents they share in the social media, but also encompasses the sons, movies, numbers, and files in hard drives. The companies like Facebook, has their own data privacy policy. They provide a number of options to the users to protect his/ her confidential data with simple guidelines. On the other hand, Google is using customized software to provide protection to the data of its users. Moreover as mentioned by the company privacy policy, the users can opt for receiving notifications in case of suspicious login attempts, or service setting changes (Goldie Michael, 2014). Moreover, by using encryption, tokens for user authentication, two-stage verification, iCloude is contiously providing protection to the data of the users (Richards, 2014). However, such a strong policy of data protection sometimes creates problem. The US government has a strong legal framework for the companies, which use the personal data of the users like, Google, Facebook and many more, which force them to provide families right of entry to the accounts of relatives of a deceased user. As mentioned by Sumeeth, Singh Miller, (2012) Facebook has launched its new application of Tools for Parents Educators. They have launched it with the aim of providing access to the information of the users to their parents. As discussed in the given case study, the idea of passing on the digital estate can be valid option for the users as well as the family members. As opined by Reynolds, (2011) the websites can introduce the idea of passing on the whole data and digital material collection of a member to his/ her family members after the death of the user. It can be a mandatory rule for the websites that they have to comply with the policy with all of its users. The organizations can make a separate data storage for each of its users and provide the whole access to it to the family members. However, in this case, the organizations must take prior permission to the user. They need to make a compulsory agreement regarding this before providing the opportunity of their service to the users. It may help in ensuring the ownership of digital property in a way of passing the digital estate. Moreover, the users must make known the importance of sharing the information to the security authority as well as the f amily members. They need to keep a back up of all the data shared in his/ her virtual life and keep it safe with an organization. They will pass it on to the family members after his/her death. With the change of time, the idea of Digital legacy and privacyhas been changed a lot on digital access of non-active online account. Previously there was not any legal boundary to the organization for sharing the data for a non-active online account. However, in the recent times, the governmental regulations regarding this particular issue has changed the orientation of operation of the companies. In the context of Australia, The Privacy Amendment (Enhancing Privacy Protection) Act 2012 (Privacy Amendment Act) has provided the investigation authorities an extensive chance of getting access of such data. It was not previousky possible for the national organizations. The example of Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015, has to be mentioned in this regard too. Hence, it can be said that previously it was hard for entities except the user to get access of the data. Now, with the governmental interventions, information can be recovered from an unused account. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that the idea of privacy can be identified as peoples personal right. As the right they enjoy in their real life, it should also be endowed to them in their virtual life. However, the websites should maintain some humane policies regarding the accessibility of this right. There should be governmental mandate regarding the accessibility of the digital legacy of an individual to his/ her kith and kin. It is not only an issue of emotional attachment. A big concern of national and personal security can also be associated to it. There are countries, which have enabled themselves to provide this right to the family members and the governmental authorities. It is true that Australia is also heading towards formulating such laws, but not a very significant step can be noticed. The Australian government should think about it and formulate law which will give the required access as well as the right to digital legacy. References: Ahmed, A., Booth, D. (2016). Harmonisation of Digital Privacy Law and Practice: The Jersey Workplace Case Study.International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (IJCSNS),16(6), 101. Aminnezhad, A., Dehghantanha, A., Abdullah, M. T. (2012). A survey on privacy issues in digital forensics.International Journal of Cyber-Security and Digital Forensics (IJCSDF),1(4), 311-323. Butler, D. A., Rodrick, S. (2015).Australian media law. Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited. Cherry, D. (2013).The Basics of Digital Privacy: Simple Tools to Protect Your Personal Information and Your Identity Online. Syngress. Goldie, B., Michael, K. (2014). Changes to Digital Privacy Laws-But are Consumers Aware?. Hopkins, J. P. (2013). Afterlife in the Cloud: Managing a Digital Estate. Quinn, M. J. (2014).Ethics for the information age. Pearson. Reynolds, G. (2011).Ethics in information technology. Cengage learning. Richards, N. (2014).Intellectual privacy: Rethinking civil liberties in the digital age. Oxford University Press, USA. Sharp, C. (2013). Managing Your Digital Legacy: Will Others Be Able to Access Your Cloud-Based Files When You No Longer Can?.Online searcher,37(6), 43-48. Sumeeth, M., Singh, R., Miller, J. (2012). Are online privacy policies readable.Optimizing Information Security and Advancing Privacy Assurance: New Technologies, New Technologies, 91. Wessels, B. (2012). Identification and the practices of identity and privacy in everyday digital communication.New Media Society, 1461444812450679.

Smart Insoles Essays - Marketing, Communication Design,

Smart Insoles BBI-2O0 Culminating Project - Final Business Report Sujay Kirubananthan Mrs.Maramieri June 7,2018 Smart Insoles Introduction: Smart Insoles is an innovative product which mains purpose is to build for a brighter and more health conscious world. We here at Smart Insoles are dedicated to evolving the footwear technology market. Which has been a market that has not been innovated in a very long time. Smart Insoles has come out with ground-breaking technology which can not only track all movements of the body but tracks your heart rate and can tell how hydrated you are, all by from the components within our product. It is a product that never been seen before in the market that is this advanced. Smart Insoles is very much invested into ensuring that we reduce as much CO as we can, with many measures to be well below the set limit to be for a cleaner future. Our business is also deciding to roll this product out to Japan where our manufacturing plants are located as well. Smart Insoles, it's time to innovate. Business Fundamentals: Our consumers are either people who want to change or continue to change. The just need a starting point, and this could be it. With all of the information that the device supplies it is not something one needs. However, it is very useful for those in need of a tracking device. Now I am more than qualified to be able to take on this company. I am dedicated to my work, once I put my mind to something I wouldn't let the opportunity go to waste. I do not get carried away with ideas and feel that I know best as to where to direct the company. I also have great communication which will allow me to convey my ideas to the people and can convince them as well. Therefore the consumers products and management will be on top of their game. Functions of a Business: Raw materials, capital, labour all parts needed for the factors of production for the product. The type of labourers needed for this product can range from Semi-skilled labourers to be able to put together the electronics of the product and unskilled workers to put together the sole. Here is an example for a job description we will use for our accountant. "We are seeking trustworthy candidates who work efficiently without sacrificing accuracy. Accountants can expect to work with large amounts of numerical data, handle multiple tasks with deadlines, and provide transparent and complete reports to management. You should have a firm grasp of accounting and financial practices and regulations and possess strong computer and verbal and written communication skills." Now the form of training will range to what job the employee has. However for workers it'll only be to train to create one part of the product since they will only be doing that process over and over again. Their compensati on will be an hourly range and can become a salary depending on the title. With this company I'd be an Autocratic leader some that does what they desire with having full control over their whole group. Which allows me the one with the most experience to guide the group to make less mistakes. This allows my product to have little to no flaws. From Autocratic leaders Or being a Laissez-faire or even a Democratic leader. In leadership types all of these are great ways, however, it all depends on what the group needs. With this company I'd be an Autocratic leader some that does what they desire with having full control over their whole group. Which allows me the one with the most experience to guide the group to make less mistakes. Marketing: Now Smart Insoles gives the consumer the idea that it is a fitness tracking insole from the name itself. Not making people to keep guessing and know exactly what the product is. Now the logo incorporates the company colors which are teal and black. Teal has a special tone to it being a great mixture between blue and green and black goes well with everything. To add to that the logo also includes a tag connected to the name of the

native american coalition essays

native american coalition essays Its difficult to draw a comparison between an article about persons in opposition to dam construction in western United States and another article about trends in American consumerism. However, there is an underlying message created in both articles about the current habits of American culture and society. Both articles (Mik Moore's "Coalition Building Between Native American and Environmental Organizations In Opposition to Development" and Juliet Schors "Cleaning the Closet: Toward a New Fashion Ethic"), discuss the publics ignorance to our cultures disassociation from the environment and how groups of people, an awareness of unique beliefs, and ways of life can bring about a social change. Mik Moore discusses the coalition between the Native Americans tribe of Esselen and environmental organizations in opposition to the New Los Padres Dam, which had been planned for the Carmel River in California. He focuses on the importance of the Native American philosophy as a symbolic resource for activism as well as the different strategies between native and non-native activists to stop the building of the dam. Many organizations and others protested against dam construction in California for reasons that the building of the dam would flood places considered sacred and significant in the Esselen Tribe. However, their movement ran into many problems with the town water board and other supporters. They were not recognized as true Indian tribe organizations, which rendered their claims insignificant and invalid, and though groups like the American Indian Movement (AIM) have initiated cultural revitalization programs on the central coast, Native Americans still found themselves co nstantly having to prove their authenticity. The claims they made were that the supporters of the dam were about to destroy a sacred and symbolic site for the tribe. The tribesmen felt that "outsiders" could not grasp the tremendous value the ...

birth rates Essays

birth rates Essays birth rates Essay birth rates Essay As the birth rates in recent years have been declined rapidly, the social issues that associate with older peoples social care come in quick succession. It is important to find out the way in solving these severe problems instead of ignoring. Therefore, this essay would analyze the approaches that different countries used and obtain the most sustainable way in order to achieve the social balance. Before comparing the elderlies social care approaches in different countries, providing the backgrounds of different countries are essential in analyzing which country has the best and the most sustainable approach. The information of the background must be included the proportion of senior citizen in these countries, the requirement of social care from the older people, and also the budget that the government invested in those services. In general, the situation of UK has no different from other countries. The proportion of older people in the I-JK society is increasing as there are more people becoming older. According to a report of population in I-JK, in 2010, there were about 640 thousands people turned 65 and in 2012, it is fgured out that there were about 800 thousands people turned 65. Later life in the United Kingdom, 2013) There is a 25% increase in the number of people turned 65 between these two years. Then, the total number of the elders aged 65 or above in UK is 10. 3 million, which is 16% of the total population in I-JK (63. 76 million populations). In this essay, Japan is chosen as the comparing group with the United Kingdom. Today, the population in Japan is about 126 millions, which is one of the larger population countries in the world. The country also experienced a losing population in recent years because of decreasing birth rates and no net immigration from other oreign countries. Japan also faces the ageing problem due to a huge increase in the amount of elderly. Refer to the statistic of population of Japan in 2010, there was 22. 6% of total population being aged 65 or above, which means there are nearly 29 million people aged 65 or above. This shows that Japan faced a serious ageing problem. For the elderlys need, older people are in the majority using health and social care services in the I-JK. Older people visit their General practitioners more frequently compared to younger adults, besides, they are the main users of both outpatient and npatient hospital services (ONS 2002). Also, about 33% of all I-JK hospital admissions and about 66% of the hospital beds are used by people who aged 65 years or above (DH 2000). In the period of 1972 and 2001, the number of old people who visited an emergency department is sharply increased from about 12% to 26%, which is more than doubled. This shows that the demand of elderly health service is rapidly increasing. Moreover, there was 43% of all NHS spent on hospital and community health services (HCHS) distributed to people aged 65 years and above in 2003 2004. expenditure. However, two-thirds of NHS clients who are aged 65 or above claimed that they only receive two-fifths of the total expenditure. Some of them said that it is difficult to have a surgery or get into a local hospital. And 64% of old people think that the health and care staffs do not treat them with respect for their dignity. That means there is a big difference between the society and the old people and the welfare system in UK is not good and fair to the elderly. The country containing with the most senior citizens in the world is Japan. It has the worlds highest proportion of senior citizen. Also has the largest number of centenarians. It can be seen as the consequence of the Japans tradition. Older people in Japan are lived with their family and with strong family care in general. And the children and other family members would take the responsibility of taking care the dependent older genitor in enlarged family living orders. They think that they have to respect to the old people because their contribution in the young age. However, there are some characteristics in reality extended family care. For instance, disturbing disregard and abuse of vulnerable senior people. Also left their senior parents with no medical need in hospitals in order to abandon them. Therefore, the Japan government had made a social care policy innovation. It loosens the restrictions of the range of service transmission past traditional family convention. But it is not helpful in solving both care-giving hell and social hospitalisation. In 20 century, in order to maintain the independent health and social care systems, the means-tested measures are under close surveillance. Based on the reform, Long- Term Care Insurance (LTCI) program was stocked with the taxation and insurance remiums paid by citizens aged over 39 since 2000. It offers an extensive range of care service transmissions beyond traditional family convention. Also, it developed an inter-help system of regional people under a time-banking system. Volunteers earn time credits for looking after for senior people in their social network. After discussing the situation in the I-JK and Japan, we will compare the effectiveness and the sustainability of the social care scheme in these two countries. It seems that the Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) scheme in Japan secure better living style of the elderly. This scheme is not only supported by taxation, but also the insurance premiums paid by citizens who aged above 40. This can reduce the tax burden of the general public (especially for the younger generation) in elderly health services. Moreover, it can ensure the elder people could receive a good medical treatment when after they retired as they are required to pay a fixed amount of premiums after aged of 40. Therefore, in terms of sustainability, the Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) program in Japan is the most sustainable in the future. On the other hand, the National Health Service (NHS) in UK is responsible for the free ealth care to the citizen. Huge amount of fund is needed as this scheme is fully supported by the government (tax-payers). In terms of sustainability, there are two disadvantages in this scheme. First of all, it shifts the financial burden of elderly health services to the government and the tax-payers. This increases the tax burden employments and birth rate. This is not good to the society in the long run as it is not sustainable. Secondly, with a rapidly increase elderly, the supply of elderly medical services may insufficient to satisfy all the needs of the elderly. The elderly may need o queue for a long time in order to receive a medical treatment or surgery. They may not able to enjoy medical treatment immediately when they are in need. As a result, the I-JK scheme is not sustainable in the future as it requires a large amount of fund to support this scheme. After the comparison between the UKs approach and the Japans approach, we may find out that the Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) program in Japan is likely to be most sustainable in the future. Although Japan has the worlds highest proportion of senior citizens and the largest number of centenarians, it has a complete social ealth care scheme which supports the health care of the elderly after they retired. Therefore, social health care is not a big financial burden for the Japan government due to the aid of the Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) program. Although the UK also faced the similar problem in social health care, the situation in the I-JK is much more worsen than the situation in Japan even it has smaller proportion of older people when compare to Japan. This is mainly due to the failure of the National Health Service (NHS) which makes the I-JK suffers from a severe situation on social care of lderly. The high operation cost has reduced the sustainability of this scheme as it shift and increase the tax burden to the younger generation. Therefore, it seems that the UK government should follow the approach of Japan, which is the Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) program, in order to have a sustainable social health care scheme. According to the estimation, the number of people in the UK who aged over 65 years will be rose by about 400 thousands in the next three years, especially the number of people aged over 85. (Wise, J. , 2008). If we follow the ld National Health Service (NHS) scheme, the financial burden of the government and the tax-payers will significantly increase, which is not good in terms of sustainability. As a result, the I-JK government should learn from the Japan government and change the social health care system into a scheme which is supported by taxation and insurance premiums. In conclusion, if the I-JK government combined the social health care system with taxation and insurance premiums, the financial burden of the government could be reduced and huge benefits would be gained by the society.

In the light of the modern case law on review on the grounds of error Essay

In the light of the modern case law on review on the grounds of error of law and error of fact, is it still possible to say that - Essay Example In light of modern case law on review on the grounds of error of law and error of fact, to say that judicial review is concerned with the legality and not the merits of a decision remains to be seen in how they determine such cases. A critical analysis reveals that error of law and error of facts are indeed only errors inasmuch as the rules of natural justice apply during decision-making. Even so, sometimes a decision maker may not adhere to legal requirement that makes it mandatory for them to comply with the statutory procedure such as wrongfully admitting evidence in the absence of evidence. There have been concerns and various interpretation as to what happens in such a failure, whether it is reviewable as an error of the law2. It is vital to note that failure has the probability of being an error of the law or just a ground for review. For any possible review, the admissibility for a review is only that the ground is an error of the law and an applicant fit into that ground or t here is a failure. On the grounds of consideration of certiorari, a prerogative writ overturns a defective decision. As such, it is usually up to a plaintiff seeking certiorari to show that a legal defect in making the decision in question is indeed an error of the law. Taking into consideration judicial authority, there are a number of cases that hold in their specific circumstances that a failure by a decision maker to comply with judicial requirement is an error of the law. For instance, it is an error of the law if a tribunal remitted a matter being determined to an office, which had been abolished as was in the case Commonwealth v Angel3. Besides, a failure to give reasons in beach of a statutory obligation is an error of the law as demonstrated in Dornan v Riodan4. Likewise, the same applies when a judge fails to give proper reasons for a decision in breach of the common obligation law to do so as was seen in the case Commissioner for Railways v Peter5. Error of facts on the o ther hand may be seen to have a close relationship with error of law. It appears then that there is always a need to engage in fresh analysis whenever there is a need to distinguish between law and facts, and consequently between error of .aw and error of fact. One should observe that the fundamental part to this analysis between error of fact and error of law is anchored on the fundamentals of the law, which are achieved through interpretation of the law, establishing facts, applying the law, and analysis of their compliance with legal procedure. In layman’s language, an error is committed when something is not done in the way it should be done. Therefore, it is determining of an error using law that creates an error of law. The relationship with error of facts errors of fact are always judicially admissible as errors of law. Even though, errors of fact have two claims. The first one is that wrong findings of material facts impede the very purpose of the law by preventing th e law from applying to material facts when it should. The law fails to apply to material facts in the sense that the real facts do not come before the law for consideration. On the other hand, the law may also fail by failing to apply wen it should indeed apply6. To understand better the error of facts, a

Film Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Film Review - Essay Example t and only movie I have seen to have shown the mindless portrayal of blonde people, only to have the blonde actually prove herself to all her detractors. This movie in effect, empowers the blondes to break out of the mold and show the world that the color of one’s hair does not define intellect or personality. Legally Blonde was first shown in cinemas in 2001 and starred Reese Witherspoon as Elle Woods, the titular blonde. Based on the novel by Amanda Brown, Director Robert Luketic helmed the picture that also starred Luke Wilson, Selma Blair, Victor Garber, Jennifer Coolidge, Holland Taylor, and Ali Larter. In the movie, Witherspoon plays Elle Woods, a typical blonde who seems to be an airhead but proves to be knowledgeable about more than just fashion once given a chance to shine in the courtroom. Although shot along the vein of Clueless, another dumb blonde triumphs movie, Legally Blonde stands alone in its genre as being the first movie of its kind to have pushed its female lead to succeed in order to prove a point to those who had been putting her down because of her hair color and its accompanying stigma. With the resurgence of female empowerment movies in our present day, it is important to note that Legally Blonde was not just trying to deliver the basic point that anything a man can do, a woman can do better. Instead, this film has proven to be intelligent in its own right. Not once does the film ever veer into sexual joke territory. Although the plot is ridiculous to most people, the comedic timing of those acting in the film is simply divine. Not a single joke ever fell flat nor lost its meaning. The movie dares to tackle serious issues relating to the trials and tribulations of people who do not fit into a certain social mold or opinion. Elle is the embodiment of every woman who has found herself in such a situation. Finding herself on the receiving end of bullying at Harvard Law School, Elle manages to teach a lesson along her way to discovering

History of nonprofit organizations Essay Example for Free

History of nonprofit organizations Essay The history of the nonprofit organizations in the US is dated back to the mid of 19th century. They came as important tools to look after the effects of the slavery activity. Generally, a non-profit organization is an organization with a legal constitution whose creation is by private people/persons or elsewhere organizations without any fundamental representation within the government activity. At the epochs of globalization effect in early 20th century, the subject matter of nonprofit organization became yet a more featured activity. This was at the realization that the central government could not serve to solve most of the people’s problems. Even the existing national and international organizations had their roots to serve the interest of capitalists more than the general human population. To strike a counterbalance to this irrationality, development of these organizations was biased in fostering development, providing humanitarian support and aiding in development sustainability. Their development came inform of various types with interest in different areas of humanity. Depending on the purpose and role to serve and play in the society, development of these organizations is fundamentally made to provide an environment for support into different spheres of humanity. At one view, they engage in designing and implementing projects which are related on development. This provides the conventional understanding of them in providing development support to the community. Their classification within US is in terms of development oriented, international, community based or even national organizations. Their purposes are different and mainly depend on the kind of service they provide to the society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nonprofit organizations in the US can as a refuge to the long suffering of human beings at different levels. They came to bridge the gap of inefficiency which was provided by the political and governmental structures within the US governance system. Their basic aim is to provide various conditions which are solemn to providing various support structure to improve the human population. Their method of activity is also diverse coming in form of lobby groups, initiative programs above community-based activities for service to the people. The basic rule with all non-profit organization in US and the general world is that they are strictly not made to make profit benefits in their foundations. They should service the interest of the community in line with their activity to ensure high standards of service output. The nonprofit and non-benefit nature of these organizations is provided by the legal structure of the Federal Legal system which recognizes their presence and roles before instituting various legal parameters. At the individual/internal capacity, they are guided by various legal autonomies within  Ã‚   constitutional framework that embody their activity. They are free from the authorities of international laws. (Hall, 22)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generally, their role and purpose is diverse and depends on the basic purpose for their formation. However, the basic purpose is to provide service to humanity by confronting various issues that affect the human population. Either, their development is only made to serve the interest of a specific population of the people in which they are instituted. In the US, nonprofit organizations come in a huge number making more than 600, 000. In regard to their functional outlay, they are instituted for environmental conservation, human rights encouragement and observance, taking care and improving the inequalities within the disadvantaged societal population, or even having an agenda on corporate representation to the society. They rise as corporations to provide refuge to the human population by acting on provision of the basic inequalities allied to the society. They aim at providing structures that provide support in the well-being of the society. It seeks to provide autonomy in the observation of well-founded societal image before driving the society to attainment of its mission. Key guiding principles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Due to the diversity of culture and operations by these organizations, some principles help as guide for their activity. At one point, the principles provide rationality in the support of equality in the basic corporate governances which help to ensure observation of the conventional purpose allied to their formation. Firstly, all non profit organizations are to be guided by the principle of optimal costing. This is in the realization of their nonprofit nature which provides support for the most adequate costing system. Costing is observable in the budgeting systems which help to provide a support for the best cost parameter.   Budgeting involve the control of funds to ensure the most adequate use of their financial authorities. Costing principle is guided by their non-profit/benefit nature which prevents any financial advantage in terms of profit or benefits to any party. The Federal Law recognizes the importance of costing principle in these organizations before instituting various laws and regulations to guide them in their support for the most optimal interest to the community in service.   This principle is fundamentally obliged in internalizing the cost parameters in the organizations financial outlay in terms of their grants, cost of contracts, financial utilization and allocation and any other fundamental activity allied to the costing system. The aim of the principle is to provide a concrete share of the cost liberation by federal government in the administration process of the non-profit organizations within its framework. Either, the principles help to define in the standards of approach and use in providing structures for adequacy in the financial management and quotations of their costs in activities and processes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Either, all non-governmental organizations are to be guided by adequate public relations standards. With their role and activity outlay within the society, these organizations should always provide structures for standard relationships with the general public population. This is a basic factor if their role of meeting the societal goals is not to be compromised. Public relations are the basic tools with which various organizations such as charity organizations and foundations use to capture the relative interest of the general public. Through sophistication in the public relations activities, many organizations are able to raise their funds. They use various lobbying techniques to seek financing from the government and other statutory sources. Either, high public relations to interest groups help to provide importance of benefits with their fundamental influences to the social systems and political standards. Either, their public relations support helps to campaign adequately among the human population to achieve their basic missions and goals. (Dimagio, Anheir, 152)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the diversity in the activities and mission statement, all non-profit organizations are provided with support by high standards of monitoring process and control of activities. Controlling and monitoring is a basic principle which helps to ensure a coordinated approach in all their activities. All activities and processes are controlled and monitored in order to ensure a support of the basic activity and fulfillment of their service to the general public. This principle provides an oversight into the basic fundamentals that help to ensure a logical collaboration between the various structures of the organization. At one point, controlling and also monitoring seeks to provide accountability for the character and effect of the process and activities. It seems to provide a sanction of coordinated approach with which activities are done according to their optimal requirement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Non profit organization are free from jurisdiction and control by the federal government unless of very explicit legal controls. As a basic and conventional principle, these organizations are supposed to be out of the federal legal system. The guiding force and regulations should be based on the specific standards and requirements of specific organization. This is by conventional due to the role played by the organizations as a bridge towards the rigidities found in the federal legal system. Either, they should not be allied to the international legal process. The principle of free government control should therefore prevail. Otherwise, any interaction and control by he federal government would betray their mission since majority are founded as lobby groups to act against the federal system legal inequalities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As an ethical parameter, the funding process and activities should fundamentally be authentic. This should seek to provide an atmosphere for the most adequate income flow. The funding principle is a subject of the costing principle with which the size and scale of funding is to be determined and evaluated in a conventional costing system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Democracy should always prevail in all activities of these organizations. There foundations are aimed at providing support for the general interest of the public population. They are interest groups which serve stop the basic loopholes and rigidities of the federal legal system. Democracy helps to provide equity and equality in service provision to the public. It seeks to ensure that the interest of the public is seldom at par with the good of the society. This is a preferential requirement which gives the community an optimal opportunity of enjoying basic interest in the community development process. They should invite for free contribution, comment and exercise of the members allied to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Either, the performance of their work should be at peaceful and harmonious grounds where no external harassment, intimidation, reprisal and discrimination is to support their basic activities. This helps to formulate standards of activity where they are to act and perform at their most discretional and willing capacity without any external effect. Either, there should be no external influence by the federal governmental which is to provide support for the well being of the society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elsewhere, they should be provided with conditions for seeking, managing, receiving and administering their activities in the support of international, domestic and foreign activities and entities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equally, individual joining, formations and participation in such organizations should be at the discretion guided by their freedom and rights of expressions, associations and peaceful assembly. This helps to provide standards with which the governmental regulations are not to shape the interest and nature of the organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the principles are to provide support for the authenticity and the well being of the society, the governments of democratic countries are to act adequately in the effect of the strong withstanding of these organizations from the inadequate influence of the national systems. The violations of their basic principles should therefore call for a close action by the national government in their effective defense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The concept of ethics is fundamentally critical in analyzing the management system of the non profit organizations. The Alliance for Nonprofit Management Standards (ANMS) is the movement allied to setting and establishing ethical standards for use and applications by the organizations. Ethical management is closely allied and synonymous to adequate management. Ethical management is a subject of nonprofit organizations leadership which help to ensure a conduct within the gross corporate requirement. It’s a basic support that provides harmony in the institutional framework of these organizations. They help to provide a peaceful coordination in implicit formality to ensure ways and means to safeguard the interests of the stakeholders. At one edge, it helps to provide responsibility and either set the respective ideals in the professional outlay of the organization. On the extreme end, unethical management is what violates the basic principles of nonprofit organizations. Its operations are to provide for a continued inequality in the role they play in the society. Such unethical management is a way of administration and organizational leadership which provokes the legal authenticity of the nonprofit mission statement. Generally, every ethical management is to provide solid protection for the organizations clientele and professional system. Either, such management does not compromise structure for acceptance into adequate system of administration and also the will of guidance to the people. It does not compromise on improving the consistency and also the quality of the life of the individual human population with which it provides service to. Ethical management provides a standard collaboration in the activities of the organizations. Every ethical management is aimed at rationalizing the quality, support and formulating high integrity for capacity building within the organization’s activities. Due to the fragility and the developing nature of the capacity building within these organizations, every epoch of the legitimate leadership standards to provide support for the mission statement of these organizations. Ethical behaviors in the leadership autonomy, helps to provide effectiveness and promotion of capacity building in the functional outlay of these organizations. Ethical management equals ethical standards which ensure a support for standardized capacity building.   Ethical managing is a tool for promoting a better clientele service and activity within the organizational framework. It is an approach which seeks to ensure control of the interest conflict within the organizational function. (Waden, 715)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, unethical management is subject to providing inadequacy in the standards of the organizations activity. This is the leadership activity which destabilizes the functional capacity of the organization. It is a leadership activity (management appraisal) which brings conflict to the organization. Elsewhere, unethical management does not focus on maintaining the basic principle allied to nonprofit organizations. This is the management system which down looks major rules and processes within the organizations which ensure a collaborated approach in service delivery and promotion of efficiency in the organization’s activities. Legal framework   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Generally, non-profit organizations have a lot to do with its legal status. At one level, many states have well provided laws which govern the activity of the organizations. Either, these laws help to regulate the management system and formulate the various requirements for their establishment. The nature of these laws is to provide standards of support for management process which does not overlook the systems of corporate governance. Above the state laws, their internal systems is driven and monitored by authorities which provide support for basic organizational coordination. Above the many legal requirements, these organizations should provide well detailed support of their financial activities. This should have a clear picture in the level of expenditure and also income flow within their transactions. The legal system requires them to have a full support for the governance and management system by providing a layout of their organizational management staff. The legal structure under the federal system also provides the level of structural formulation. It pronounces the legal terms with which these organizations are made to follow in the pursuit of their administration from the legal status portfolio as the tax exemption clause. This provides that the organizations are to enjoy income tax free activities. Tax exemption in US is through Internal Revenue Service (IRS). However, this exemption is only enjoyed by organizations which meet specific statutory requirements which includes, limited spending, safeguard for charity interest in its internal affairs above specifity in its purpose. Tax exemption is required a full commission to the requirement of the nonprofit organization’s activities. (Walden, 719) Deviations from this standard requirement will lead to the withdrawal of the tax exemption requirement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, the Federal Law has a weak force in providing for charity and non-governmental operations. It fails to substantially provide the basic requirements for what should be done by the organizations. However, lack of strong legal concern does not mean that the state government should run these organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, the basic legal authority of the non profit organizations is bound to be self regulatory without operational influence of both the state and the international laws. The organizations are made to provide their own management system which should not go by the standard of approach and regulation by the state law. However, private control by these organizations is the foremost influence of inadequacies in the fundamental activities. Due to their solidary private control and governance, these organizations will at many a time endure inefficiencies in the administrative prospects. Their private nature is the basic initiative for mismanagement and rebel over many interests at the expense of the federal system laws and regulations. (Til, 54) Governance and board development strategies. With the fragility allied to the activities of the non-profit organizations, governance and board development posits an important factor. Consideration for the most optimal governance and development within such organization should not be compromised. However, essential of board development should provide strategies which helps to ensure the most adequate board system. Firstly, the choice in strategy should not overlook the role of the board. However, the achievement of the goals and missions of the organization should be promoted. This helps to ensure high standards of achieving the standards of the organization. Either, adequate support by the board helps to facilitate a comprehensive support for the roles of the organization. However, supported training to board members should seek to ensure the most adequate governance structure within the organizations. (Axelrod, 142)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nonprofit organizations come as fundamental bodies that seek to refuge the problems allied to the current regime where such organizations have risen falsely with even non-functional activity and performances. The board should therefore reclaim the specific roles they are made to play within the organizations. This is to ensure a richly state of practices. Either, the board has a sublime role to play in the governance of the organization. Unless the society is provided with clarity of the authenticity in the activities within the organization, various stakeholders may not have the will to participate fully in the organization’s activities. The board is allied to a functional capacity which helps to provide strength of the weaknesses born in the institutional and also management capacities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The boards’ development should therefore provide various strategies which help to give a comparative impression for adequate activities within the organization. This should seek to give directions on strategies and goals for facilitating control on organizational issues. Every governance structure will therefore help to provide a strong coordination of the internal outlay of the organization. The rules of many boards reduce shortly after the registration of the organization where such boards disintegrate out. There functional layout is mostly seen at the growth stage and emergent stage of these organizations. However, they normally posses unclear or even poor definition in the goals of the organization. There is lack of understanding of the governance requirements. The next aspect is the modality of conflict among them and the organizations management.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore, every strategy in board development should perpetuate a board which ensures effective board’s activity. Adequacy in such board should not compromise training of the board members. Training is therefore an important strategy which should be used to overcome the inequality born by the weak board systems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The board development process helps to ensure a board which helps to coordinate adequately the activity of the organization. For adequacy in the leadership and governance styles within the organization, the board provides an authentic support for the organizational activity. The development process of the organization’s board should use various developmental initiates as strategies with which it will be able to adjust its board development process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Either, the mission of the organization should be a basic fundamental aspect when defining the nature of the board development. The organizations mission should be the basic tool which helps to shape the nature of the board. Through the mission statement, the characters and the nature of the board will thus be shaped. Elsewhere, the organization program should a basic guiding strategy towards a better coordinated approach for the governance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A coherent plan of its strategies should guide the organization in developing its board. Since organizational strategies vary with its mission and activity, the package of strategies should seldom be the guiding factor towards the nature of its board.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Governance structure system of the organization plays an important role in defining the nature of activities it plays within the community. Sound governance is very important in defining the scale of attainment of the mission statement. Either, the governance system borrows its authority from the management and the board outlay. Adequacy in the governance plays a predominant role in defining the level with which the organization is able to achieve its goals. Either, the structure of the board defines the standards with which the governance of the organization is to be. (Silk, 76)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By their nature, non profit organizations are formed on private grounds to overseer the interest of the people. Every good relationship between such organizations and the community /public should fundamentally be provided for. Generally, the relationship between these organizations and the community is ideally rationally close. It seeks to create an incentive of participation between the community and such organizations. Elsewhere, lack of adequate relationship between the two would definitely mean standards of high activity and a reasonable state of coordination and surveillance for the community. The interest of the organizations is in the provision of service to the general public. Adequate attempt of coordination between them and the community should be provided as the best initiative which provides grounds for service to the human population. Financial and human resource management A package of basic principles in the financial management, human resource management and fund development act as the guiding rule for these organizations. Financial management is an approach of administration in which the financial inflow and outflow is monitored considerably .This is to ensure that the financial transactions are at the most optimal discretion to provide support for the community. Either, this is aimed at providing the closest relationship between the community and the organization . However, the basic principle is the optimal costing principle which is applied to provide the most adequate system of financial use in the financial system .Optimal costing implies that the financial inflow and outflows is at the greatest capacity to provide support for the use of the finances. Generally poor financial use has been the benchmark in lack of trust to many of the organizations by the community, government and private financiers .Therefore every optimal costing should seek to serve the interest of the stakeholders in the organization. Either, like any other organization, these organizations should provide financial management systems which ensure the right perception by both the internal and external environments. Accountability provides a support for financial management .The internal financial position, standards and figures are used by the internal management to make decisions about the organization .Through adequate disclosures of the financial documents, and the management is able to make the relevant decisions (Linnel, Radoserich, Spack, 48) Generally, these organizations are to maintain their financial accounting in the principle provided by the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Such provide that financial accounting follow the international standards in support of the financial documents Either all non profit organizations ought to have a system of internal control. This is to ensure that the financial transactions abide by the conventional system of management Elsewhere non profit organizations are supposed to have full provision of reports to the finance management and to be provided to the relevant stakeholders such as financiers. Adequate financial reports are important to every activity of management within the organizations Generally the management should use systems of adequate control on their budgets which ensures adequate control in their budgetary system .Budgeting is very important for every activity allied to the organizations. Financial management also provide a requirement in which the governance structure has clarity in its role play to the organization,s financial management . Adequacy in the role play by individual members provides accountability support for it’s   individual persons. Elsewhere, financial management seeks to provide the basic requirements which may be required by the different donors in the use and the allocation process of the funds .Above all, financial records are to be submitted to any stakeholder in use and control of the organization if need be for effective management. Due to the importance attached to the human capital in these organizations various principles are applied to provide a support for the most functional human capital. Many of the organizations are involved in the provision of service to the human population. To many organizations, the human workforce is large with professionalism and competence provided for all. Therefore, the organizations should not look down to the nature in which the human capital support can be provided to the service output. However, depending on the organization, various principles embody there activities. (Hall, 26) Firstly training and human force development is never compromised. This is in the realization of role played by every upright and experienced work force. They ensure various training programs for their workforce. Within the scope of the workforce management, aspect of planning and design of work for them is highly vigilant. Proper planning and design of work is important in every attempt to reduce conflict between them. Planning is made according to some preferential attributes. Time and again, the organizations provide an adequate support in the employee recruitment process and the selection for new staff. This is via the use of modalities of high competence and management. In all the activities, the rights of employees are never overlooked. This is a principle which applies to all employees of these organizations. It ensures providing support for the workers in enjoying and exercising their contribution to the organization. This is an attempt to provide support for ensuring that workers are not exploited of their resource capital. (Jeavons, 218) Workers exploitation is the main cause of conflict at the working environment. Also, the principle of performance management holds true in these organizations. Performance management involves monitoring of the role played by the workers through surveys and study activities. Performance management provides support for adequacy and optimal performance by these workers to ensure the most optimal output by the workers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fund development is an important tool in the non profit organizations. Such organizations are allied to formulating various fund development strategies. Fund development implies the system of approach in creating funds and using supporting tools for creating their donation. This helps to provide support for fund raising and using methods to attract funds from the donors and finances. Fund development uses the tool of public relations to create fundamental environment with which such financiers can be motivated to run the organization. Fund development is a management attribute which seeks to investigate the financial support system so that adequacy in the organizations funds can be ensured. Since this is a management process, it uses basic tools and approaches which provide support for the highest funding. Fund development will help to provide the organization with a relieved workload and hence avoid not meeting financing deadlines. This is an important aspect in the management structure since it is the driving force of the organization towards its goals achievement is the level of funds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Financial and human resource management, and also fund development are closely interrelated. Firstly, these are system of management and governance of the organization which provide the most adequate corporation in the organizational structure to provide an authentic goal and mission achievement. The success of each implies and promotes the success of the other. At one level, good fund development is allied to financial management where the tools of financial management are used to adequately apportion and budget for the collected funds. Either, all the activities that include financial management and fund development are provided by an adequate structure of human resource. This provides a support for the adequacy into the activities of the organization. Human resource package is fundamental in defining the nature of performance of all the organizations activities. Emerging practice in non profit organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Currently, the non profit organizations’ activities have had a diverse state of practices that are emerging out from the conventional outlay of the organizations in the US and the world in general. These practices have been key pillars in providing a support for the most authentic system of support for the future of the organizations. The sector is perhaps having a brighter future when its activities and processes are under a good system of practices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Firstly, policy and framework on the legal parameter guiding the organizations have been developed on fountain grounds. Adequacy in the legal policies is a fundamental subject in providing adequate support for their performance. Policies ensure a coordinated approach in the standards of the organization legal framework which ensures that conflict is reduced between the organizations activities in terms of its structures and stakeholders. Through a support for strong legal modalities that act as pillars of the organization, the management process of the organizations is highly strengthened with little or no conflict in their governance process. Strong legal framework has ensured that the organizations act within the basic legal requirements that promote the best relation with the community. Either, adequate structures above programs as well as services ensure a coordinated link between the organization. Every organization is accompanied by a structure of specific programs, and structure which help to ensure a strong personal activity.   Adequate programs and high maintained and supported structural authenticity has ensured a continued high activity and dominance of the organizations in the society. Program system is the nature of the activity support for the organization. Strong program and services outlay provide a support for a continued rationality of organizations within the society. (Til, 53) Generally, the organizations act within the human capacity.   This is synonymous to capacity-building by the human populations.   Human capacity has been a basic tool for leading to changes in the social structures and hence provides conditions for the most adequate human life potential in the global portfolio. Their nature is in service to humanity. Within the changing nature of the social structures, capacity building remains an important aspect in rationalizing the societal activities. Providing adequate outcomes in their performance and the measures in their activity is also an emerging practice. There has been an increased activity in the analysis of their activities.   Performance outcome seeks to study the scale with which the activities described to the organizations provide the most adequate and profitable benefits. Summarily therefore, the aspects of nonprofit organizations is fundamentally critical and capturing an enormous scale of activities within its jurisdiction.   They does a lot in support the human population.   Their adequacy depends on the manner with which management is done in due course. Work cited Axelrod, Nancy R. (2005). Board leadership and development. In. R.D. Herman, Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management, pp. 142, San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publications. Dimaggio, Paul J. and Anheier, Helmut K. (1990). The sociology of nonprofit organizations and sectors. Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 6, pp152. Hall, P. H (2005). Historical perspectives on nonprofit organizations in the United States, In. R.D. Herman, Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management, pp. 22, San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publications. Jeavons, T. H. (2005). Ethical Nonprofit Management. In R.D. Herman, Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management, pp. 218. San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publications. Linnell, D, Radosevich, Z, Spack, J, ( 2001). Executive Director’s Guide: A Guide for successful Nonprofit Management. Pp.48. Boston: United Way of Massachusetts Bay. Silk, T. (2005). The legal framework of the nonprofit sector in the United States. In. R.D. Herman, Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management, pp.76, San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publications. Til, V. (2005). Nonprofit Organizations and Social Institutions, In. R.D. Herman, Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management, pp.53, San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publications. Walden, G. (2007). Who’s watching us now? The nonprofit sector and the new government by surveillance. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 35, 719

foolear Essay on Shakespeares King Lear - The Fool -- King Lear essa

King Lear and The Fool      Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's, King Lear, the Fool plays three major roles. One of these roles is of an "inner-conscience" of Lear. The Fool provides basic wisdom and reasoning for the King at much needed times. The Fool also works as amusement for Lear in times of sadness and is also one of the only people besides the Duke of Kent and Cordelia who are willing to stand up to the King.    The Fool works as the "inner conscience" of Lear throughout the play. The Fool shows Lear the side of reasoning and tries to persuade Lear that it was wrong to banish Cordelia. The Fool only first appears in Act 1, scene four, after Cordelia has moved away with the King of France. The Fool knows that Lear has done wrong by giving all his land away to his two evil daughters, Goneril and Regan, and tells him so in act one, scene four, when he says, "All thy other titles thou hast given away; that thou wast born with." The Fool also warns Lear about Goneril and Regan stating that Lear is now a lap dog to Goneril and Regan, "Truth's a dog must to kennel; he must be wh...

Classroom Etiquette and Dealing with Disruption

University of California, Davis Office of Student Judicial Affairs Establishing Classroom Etiquette and Dealing with Disruption The tone of the classroom interaction has a significant impact on the educational environment. These days, the pervasive use of devices such as cell phones and the fact that some students may be unaware of University behavioral standards or the impact of their actions on others can lead to repeated distractions and interruptions. University of California Standards of Conduct for Students provide that students may be disciplined for â€Å"disruption or obstruction† of teaching or other University functions, and for failure to identify themselves to or comply with the directions of University officials, as well as other violations of conduct standards (see UC Standards of Conduct at http://sja. ucdavis. edu/scs. html) Set the stage for a positive classroom experience by: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Stating reasonable and clear expectations in advance Defining conduct standards and discussing rules of etiquette in your syllabus and during class Giving examples of desired conduct as well as unacceptable behavior Explaining the reasons for your classroom expectations and inviting student comments and suggestions Being a role model for expected behavior and keeping your relationship with students friendly and professional Responding when disruption occurs: If you believe inappropriate behavior is occurring, start by cautioning the whole class rather than warning a particular student. A technique is to stop class, calmly indicate the problem (e. g. side conversations, cell phones) and state that class cannot continue until the behavior stops. Before resuming, enlist the support of others by reminding the class that the disruptive behavior is taking away from class time and may result in some exam material not being covered in class. Students also have academic freedom, so it is important to exercise authority with compassion and self-restraint. It is best to correct innocent mistakes and minor first offenses gently, without ridiculing students’ remarks. †¢ If it becomes necessary to speak to an individual student about disruptive behavior, do so after class in a discreet manner. If the situation requires an immediate response in class, calmly and courteously ask the student to stop the conduct and to talk to you after class or during office hours. You may want to inform the class that students may be disciplined for disrupting class, and to reiterate that message if you talk with an individual student outside class because of his or her behavior. Remind the student that continued disruption may result in permanent removal from the class. †¢ A student should be asked to leave class if he or she engages in disruptive behavior that impedes your ability to teach the class productively. You have the right to contact the police if the student refuses to leave. If the student’s refusal to leave creates a safety risk or makes it impossible to continue class, you may also dismiss class for the day. If this happens, immediately contact Student Judicial Affairs (SJA). †¢ If a student is persistently disruptive refer him/her to SJA for disciplinary action. However, a disruptive student cannot be permanently removed from a class without a formal review, either through the student disciplinary process or through academic channels including the department and dean’s office (see Dir. 88-128) For more information about confronting cheating, about the disciplinary process, or about the Code of Academic Conduct, please call SJA at (530) 752-1128 or see our website at http://sja. ucdavis. edu. †¢ UC Davis Office of Student Judicial Affairs, January, 2007 What is disruptive behavior? Depending on the size and nature of your class what is considered â€Å"disruptive† may vary. In general, disruption and obstruction include b ehavior that interferes with, disrupts, or prevents normal classroom functions or activities. Disruptive behaviors can range from mildly distracting to clearly disorderly, violent, or dangerous. Depending on course rules set by the instructor, disruption in the classroom may include: †¢ †¢ †¢ side conversations, ringing cell phones or using a cell phone to talk or send text messages interrupting the instructor or other students monopolizing class discussion and refusing to defer to instructor, or listen to others; persisting when the instructor has indicated that the student’s remarks are off topic and it is time to move on entering late/leaving early, oving about the classroom filming, photographing, or taping the class yelling, arguing, swearing, bullying, or other intimidating behavior reading, sleeping, eating, drinking, or not paying attention shuffling through papers, cleaning out a backpack or purse during lecture showing up to class under the influence of alcohol/drugs †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Who decides what is disruptive ? Faculty have the authority and discretion to set rules that foster student learning. As a matter of academic freedom these rules can be tailored to the subject matter and the instructor’s teaching methods and learning objectives. For these reasons, the course instructor is the one who makes a determination about what constitutes disruptive behavior. SUGGESTED EXPECTATIONS TO INCLUDE IN A SYLLABUS The following expectations are to enhance your ability to learn in this class, to avoid disruption and distraction, and to improve the quality of the classroom experience. Repeated failure to meet these expectations may result in a lower grade for the course. Entering/Exiting Class: †¢ †¢ Please arrive on time to class and stay for the entire class period. Late arrivals and early departures are disruptive. If despite your best effort you arrive late, please quietly take a seat at the back of the classroom. Similarly, in the rare event that you must leave class early (e. g. for a medical appointment), email me in advance to let me know, then sit close to the rear door and leave as unobtrusively as possible. If you can’t be there on time or must always leave early because of a class or work conflict, either seek specific permission from me or do not take the class. During exams, ask permission before leaving to use the restroom. Try to use the restroom before coming to class. †¢ Noise: †¢ †¢ When class begins, please stop your conversations. Wait until class is completely over before putting your materials away in your backpack, standing up, or talking to friends. Electronic Devices: †¢ No taping, filming, or photography in class without my prior permission (whether by camera, cell phone, or other means). These activities are distracting and inhibiting to faculty and other students, may infringe upon privacy or copyright, and have a chilling effect on classroom discussion. Cell phones should be turned off. No talking on cell phones, text messaging, or emailing on laptops during class. Wait until after class to return any calls received. No listening to iPods or other electronic recording devices during class. †¢ †¢ Email Etiquette: †¢ †¢ †¢ You are expected to write as you would in any professional correspondence. Email communication should be courteous and respectful in manner and tone. Do not send emails that are curt or demanding. Do not expect an immediate response via email (normally, a response will be sent within two business days). If your email question is sent at the last minute it may not be possible to send you a response before an assignment is due or a test is given. Do not post personal information about yourself or others about third parties to the class list serve. For example, if you are having trouble with a lab partner you should see the instructor in person to discuss the specifics of the issue. Participation: †¢ †¢ †¢ [If participation is used as part of calculating the student’s grade] Because participation is counted as part of your grade, missing class could negatively impact your grade. Disrupting class could also lower your participation grade. Keep on the topic at hand. If you have questions off the current topic, address these outside of class at office hours or by email with the TA or instructor. Do not talk out of turn. Wait to be recognized before speaking and do not try to dominate a discussion with your questions or comments – give others a fair opportunity to participate. Common Courtesy: †¢ †¢ †¢ Do not read the newspaper during class. The shuffling of pages can be very distracting. Food and drink are discouraged in class. There may be times that you need a beverage or small snack during class. Avoid bringing in large meals or food that is noisy when unpackaged or chewed. Show respect for me and fellow classmates. Do not interrupt another who is speaking. It is okay to disagree with an idea but not okay to ridicule or make fun of another person and his/her ideas. Raised voices, derogatory language, name-calling, and intimidating behavior will NOT be tolerated. Do not disturb others by engaging in disruptive behavior. Disruption interferes with the learning environment and impairs the ability of others to focus, participate, and engage. †¢

British Airways- Case Study Essay

The scenario upon which this paper is based relates to the British Airways Swipe Card Debacle case study from the textbook, Managing Organizational Change: A Multiple Perspective Approach (Akin, Dunford, & Palmer, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss the organizational change associated to the implementation of a new swipe card system that led to strike of over 250 British Airways check-in staff, losing 40 million pounds and negatively effecting the company’s reputation. Additionally, this paper will relate the case study to several change approaches (organizational development, sense-making, change management, contingency, and processual) and identify key issues. Additionally, this paper will examine the case study from my perspective, as if I were a hired change consultant for British Airways responsible for providing advise and recommendations on how to avoid this type of situation. Additionally, as a change consultant, I provide my recommendation as t o what possible change approach or combinations of a change approach would have been best to use for the swipe card change initiative. Change Perspective and Key Issues Prior to going into being able to effectively provide advise and recommendations on this case study, it is first important to discuss aspects of different change approaches. Additionally, relate key issues of the swipe card debacle to these change approaches. With that, this section paper will focus on identify specific aspects of the following change approaches and how these aspects relate to the case study: organizational development, sense-making, change management, contingency, and processual. Organizational Development Approach The organizational development change approach is a well thought through and thoroughly planned change approach that focuses on staff development. Additionally, one of the key aspects to the organizational development approach is the importance placed on the need to form groups and teams, which work together to form the key focus for change (Akin, Dunford, & Palmer, 2009). Unfortunately, this very important characteristic of organizational development approach was truly not used as part of the change approach for the swipe card implementation. For instance, if groups and  teams were created to form the key focus for the change, none of the 250 check-in staff were invited to participate. Sense-making Approach The sense-making approach is very similar to Kurt Lewin’s organizational change model. At a high-level, this model has three primary stages known as Unfreeze (identifying where the company is at, in relation to environmental change and organizational structure), Change (period of time where the change is being made), and Refreeze (change is complete and the organization has embedded the change within its culture) (Levasseur, 2001). However, there is one slight difference with the sense-making approach, in that the second stage is more the about rebalance where the organization balances the external environment with its internal environment. An example of a key issue associated to this from the case study is the fact that it appears those responsible for the Future Size and Shape recovery program, did not take the first stage into consideration. More specifically, the group did not factor in how the company was still recovering from environmental changes such as, 9/11, Iraqi wa r, and SARS. Additionally, did not consider if this was the right time for this type of change. Change Management Approach There are several different change management approaches but the one focused on within this paper is the change management approach Ten Commandments approach, developed by Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Barry A. Stein, and Todd D. Jick. In the book, The Challenges of Organizational Change, Kanter, Stein, and Jick elaborate on what they believe to be the necessary steps to effectively implement change within an organization. One of these steps, which is something that was not executed in the swipe card debacle, is the step to create a shared vision. While the Future Size and Shape project team may have had a shared vision of the swipe card change, this same vision was definitely not shared by the 250 check-in staff. Contingency Approach Similar to the change management approach, the contingency approach has many different variations. For instance, one of these approaches is categorized into the following four ideal types: commanding (change intervention, directed by leadership and is typically driven by the need to implement  quickly and abruptly), engineering (change agent, who also acts as an analyst implements the change along with those who designing the change to process and systems), teaching (third party consultants work with internal staff to assist with identify new ways of operation and is change intervention that is a long-term plan), and socializing (democratic approach that is a gradual change process approach) (Huy, 2001). Each of these approaches are acceptable but may not all work in every type of situation. For instance, within the British Airways case study, it seems as though the project team chose to utilize the commanding approach for the implementation of the swipe cards. The check-in staff w ere completely resistant to not only the swipe card change but were also resistant to the actual approach taken to implement that change. Processual Approach Similar to the sense-making approach, the processual approach also looks at the relationship of external and internal environments. However, with the processual approach, it focuses on the constraints and opportunities of both environments. Within the case study, the project team did not take into consideration how the external environment impacts the internal environment and how the internal environment also effects the staff. For instance, the staff being on edge and untrusting of change was a result situations and changes both internally (one forth reduction in staff) and externally (environmental jolts like inroads on its markets from budget competitors). The combination of these situations, led to the staff being fearful and overreacting to the possibility that the new swipe card process could lead to another reduction in staff. Change Consultant As a change consultant for British Airways, I would provide the following list of lessons learned from the swipe card debacle: lack in including those directly affected by change can lead to staff being uncomfortable and uncertain about a change; lack of taking internal and external environments into consideration is not fully understanding the cumulative effect that these have on the staff; taking a commanding approach to implement change can lead to staff disagreeing with the way a change is being managed; and lack of communication and gaining buy-in on change can led staff to believe that the change could have negative downstream impact. In order to prevent this in the future, I would advise them to take a different approach by having staff be more involved with projects and include them as part of the project teams. Additionally, allowing the staff time to absorb the fact that there will be changes in the future and giving them a platform to be able to ask questions. In addition to providing the staff a platform, leadership also needs to encourage the staff to ask questions and ensure them that there will not be any backlash for those who do have questions about the change. Lastly, as a change consultant, I would emphasis the importance viewing the organization from a birds-eye view (meaning that leadership the context of the situation from an internal and external perspective). If they would have stepped back and looked all the external and internal factors prior to implementing the swipe card change, they may have seen that implementing change over a holiday weekend might not be the best time, they might have iden tify staff moral being low due to internal reduction in force, and the fact that the company was struggling to recover from other external environmental jolts. While there are many change approaches that may be suitable for this type of change initiative, it is my opinion that the best approach for this change would have been to use the Ten Commandments change management process. The reason for this is that it would have resolved and possibly prevented the reaction that staff had towards the implementation of swipe card because this change approach includes creating a shared vision, involving staff, having the support of leadership and political sponsorship, and developing an implementation plan (Barry, Kanter, & Jick, 1992). Conclusion Based on the information provided in the case study about the swipe card debacle at British Airways and comparing key issues to various change approaches, it can be seen that there are many areas where management taken a different approach to the change. If a different approach was taken, it could have easily lead to a successful swipe card implementation versus the outcome that lead to the 250-check in staff, losing 40 million pounds and negatively effecting the company’s reputation. References Akin, G., Dunford, R., & Palmer, I. (2009). Managing organizational change: a multiple perspective approach (2nd. Ed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Huy, Q. N. 2001. Time, temporal capability, and planned change. Academy of Management Review 26(4):601–23 Kanter, R. M., Stein, B. A., & Jick, T. D. (1992). The challenge of organizational change. New York, NY: Free Press. Levasseur, R. E. (2001). People Skills:Change Management Tools–Lewin’s Change Model. Interfaces, 31(4), 71.